How do you transform solar energy to electrical energy?

Solar energy is transformed into electrical energy primarily through photovoltaic (PV) cells. These cells, typically made of silicon, absorb sunlight and release electrons, creating an electric current. This direct current (DC) is then converted into alternating current (AC) using an inverter, making it suitable for use in homes and the electrical grid. Additionally, solar thermal systems can convert solar energy into heat, which can then be used to produce electricity through steam turbines.