Why are planes so expensive?

Planes are expensive due to the high costs associated with research and development, manufacturing, and safety compliance. The materials used, such as advanced composites and aluminum alloys, add to the expense, as do the sophisticated technologies required for navigation, communication, and safety systems. Additionally, the aerospace industry is heavily regulated, necessitating rigorous testing and certification processes that further drive up costs. Lastly, the relatively low production volume compared to other vehicles also contributes to the high price tag of aircraft.