What were two methods for deciding the quilt or innocence of accused criminals?

Historically, two methods for determining the guilt or innocence of accused criminals were trial by ordeal and trial by jury. Trial by ordeal involved subjecting the accused to dangerous or painful tests, with the belief that divine intervention would reveal their guilt or innocence. In contrast, trial by jury involved a group of peers assessing evidence and testimony to reach a verdict, reflecting a more systematic and secular approach to justice. Both methods highlight the evolution of legal practices over time.