Artemis (slayer?, protector?) In Greek mythology, one of the 12 Olympian gods; goddess of the moon, hunting, and childbirth and patroness of chastity and unmarried girls; daughter of Zeus and Leto and twin sister of Apollo. The Romansequated her with their goddess Diana. One of the Homeric Hymns (works ascribed to Homer but not written by him) praises herrole as female twin to Apollo:
. . . Goddess of the loud chase, a maiden revered, the slayer of stags, the archer, very
sister of Apollo of the golden blade. She through the shadowy hills and the windy headlands rejoicing in the chase draws her golden bow, sending forth shafts of sorrow.
Then tremble the crests of the lofty mountains, and terribly the dark woodland rings
with din of beasts, and the earth shudders, and teeming sea. (Translated by Andrew
Lang)
Artemis
The various epithets of the goddess reflect
her many roles. She was called Orthia (upright)
and Lygodesma (willow bound) because of an
image of the goddess that was said to have
been found in a thicket of willows and was held
upright by willow fronds that twined around
it. Artemis was Agrotera (huntress), Coryphaea
(of the peak), Limnaea and Limatis (of the
lake), Daphnaea (of the laurel), Lyceia or Lycea
(wolfish), Aeginaea (goat goddess), Caryatis (of
the walnut tree), Ariste (best), Calliste (fairest).
Her most famous title was Artemis Plymastus
(many-breasted); she appeared in this form
at Ephesus. In the New Testament Artemis is
called Diana. In Acts 19 the famous temple of
Diana of the Ephesians is the great Artemisium
at Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the
Ancient World. Most literary allusions to the
goddess use her Roman name, Diana.
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