Why do ferns have a dominant gametophyte?

Ferns have a dominant gametophyte stage because their life cycle alternates between a haploid gametophyte and a diploid sporophyte. In ferns, the gametophyte is often photosynthetic and independent, allowing it to thrive in various environments, while the sporophyte is typically larger and more complex. This dominance of the gametophyte allows for effective reproduction and dispersal, as it can produce gametes that will develop into new sporophytes. Additionally, the gametophyte's ability to survive in a range of conditions enhances the overall adaptability of ferns.