What are all the mudpuppies predators?

Mudpuppies, which are aquatic salamanders, face predation from various animals in their habitat. Common predators include larger fish, such as pike and bass, as well as birds like herons and kingfishers. Additionally, mammals such as raccoons and otters may prey on mudpuppies when they venture closer to the surface or shore. Their camouflage and aquatic lifestyle help them evade many of these threats.