How does the money supply affect interest rates?

The money supply affects interest rates by influencing the supply and demand for money in the economy. When the money supply increases, there is more money available for lending, which can lower interest rates. Conversely, a decrease in the money supply can lead to higher interest rates as there is less money available for borrowing. Overall, changes in the money supply can impact interest rates by affecting the cost of borrowing and lending money in the economy.