When was the first camera used in space?

The first TV camera was aboard The Television Infrared Observation Satellite Program (TIROS), launched April 1, 1960.

From http://www.airspacemag.com/space-exploration/FEATURE-FirstPhoto.html

In October, 1946, grainy, black-and-white photos were taken from an altitude of 65 miles by a 35-millimeter motion picture camera riding on a V-2 missile launched from the White Sands Missile Range. The pictures from outside the atmosphere clearly showed our planet set against the blackness of space.

More than 1,000 Earth pictures were returned from V-2s between 1946 and 1950, from altitudes as high as 100 miles.