What are the four main components of the brain?

The four main components of the brain are the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, and diencephalon. The cerebrum is responsible for higher cognitive functions, such as thought and action. The cerebellum coordinates movement and balance, while the brainstem regulates essential life functions like breathing and heart rate. The diencephalon, which includes structures like the thalamus and hypothalamus, plays a crucial role in sensory processing and homeostasis.