What landforms presented in natural barriers to mainland India?

Natural barriers to mainland India include the formidable Himalayas to the north, which separate it from the Tibetan Plateau and Central Asia. The Thar Desert to the northwest and the Vindhya and Satpura ranges in central India also create significant geographical separations. Additionally, the Western and Eastern Ghats along the coasts serve as barriers that influence weather patterns and biodiversity. These landforms collectively shape the climatic and ecological diversity of the region.