What adaptations did the cuttlefish and the octopus experience that allowed them to stay alive without shells?

Cuttlefish and octopuses have developed several adaptations to thrive without shells, including advanced camouflage abilities through specialized skin cells called chromatophores, allowing them to blend into their environments and avoid predators. They possess highly flexible bodies and can squeeze into tight spaces, enhancing their escape capabilities. Additionally, both have evolved complex nervous systems and behaviors that aid in hunting and evasion, making them effective predators despite the lack of a hard protective shell.