How were government jobs awarded before 1883?

Before 1883, government jobs in the United States were primarily awarded through a system known as the "spoils system." This system allowed politicians to grant positions to their supporters and allies after winning elections, often based on loyalty rather than merit. As a result, many government employees were appointed based on political connections rather than qualifications. This practice led to widespread corruption and inefficiency, prompting reforms that culminated in the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, which established a merit-based system for federal employment.