How does a single core computer processor works?

From what I know, the Dual core processor works by have two compact processor cores or brains, set together, side by side, and they both have individual caches. All of the computers processes are routed through one or both of the processor cores. this allows for faster processing. * Just as an addition, the Intel Core 2 Extreme (which is intels quad core processor) is not the most advanced processor out there. The most advanced is the Azul Vega 2 Processor which has 48 cores in one processor.