How does a normal fault affect the rock layers?

A normal fault occurs when tectonic forces pull rock layers apart, causing one block of rock (the hanging wall) to move downward relative to the other block (the footwall). This movement can lead to the formation of steep cliffs or fault scarps and can cause the rock layers to become displaced, resulting in a vertical separation. The affected rock layers may also experience fracturing and increased stress, which can influence the geological features and landscape in the area.