What are some Sanctions available to the courts?

Courts have various sanctions available to enforce compliance and maintain order in legal proceedings. These can include monetary fines, dismissal of claims or defenses, contempt of court, and adverse inference rulings, where the court assumes the worst from a party's failure to provide evidence. Additionally, courts may impose restrictions on a party's ability to present evidence or witnesses. The choice of sanction often depends on the severity of the misconduct and the need to deter future violations.