How were civilians in Europe affected by World War 1?

Civilians in Europe were profoundly affected by World War I, experiencing significant hardship and disruption. Many faced food shortages, economic instability, and loss of livelihoods as industries shifted to support the war effort. Additionally, civilian casualties increased due to bombings and the spread of diseases, while millions were displaced from their homes. The war also led to social changes, including the mobilization of women into the workforce and shifts in societal roles.