How atomic no is calculated by x-rays?

The atomic number of an element can be determined using X-ray spectroscopy, specifically through techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). When a sample is irradiated with X-rays, it emits characteristic X-rays that are unique to each element. By analyzing the energies of these emitted X-rays and using known energy levels, the atomic number can be inferred. Additionally, the intensity of the emitted X-rays can provide information about the concentration of the elements present.