It is difficult to say, most likely a Greek sculptor Phidias who created the statue of Zeus at Olympia. Bronze warrior statuettes from the ancient Greek Geometric period (8th c. BC), found in the ruins of the Acropolis could be considered free standing but monumental free standing sculpture comes later with the Greek 'Kouros' figures around 480 BC. The Renaissance artist Donatello is credited with the revival of the bronze casting method with his statue of 'David'.
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