How does caffeine affect a dog?

Caffeine is toxic to dogs and can lead to serious health issues. It stimulates the central nervous system and cardiovascular system, potentially causing symptoms such as restlessness, rapid breathing, increased heart rate, muscle tremors, and in severe cases, seizures or even death. Even small amounts of caffeine, found in coffee, tea, or chocolate, can be harmful to dogs, so it's important to keep these substances out of their reach. If a dog ingests caffeine, immediate veterinary attention is recommended.