What did the European power Vietnam in the 1800s 1900s?

In the 1800s and early 1900s, Vietnam was colonized by France, which began its conquest in the mid-19th century. The French established control over Vietnam through military campaigns and treaties, ultimately integrating it into French Indochina by 1887. This colonization led to significant social, economic, and cultural changes, including the exploitation of resources and the introduction of Western education and infrastructure. The oppressive colonial rule fueled nationalist movements that sought independence, setting the stage for future conflicts.