What kinds of damage does an earthquake inflict on built structures like homes and shopping malls?

Earthquakes can cause significant damage to built structures through ground shaking, which may lead to structural failures such as cracks in walls, collapsed roofs, and even complete building collapses. Foundations can be compromised, resulting in sinking or tilting. Additionally, secondary effects like landslides and liquefaction can further endanger buildings, while non-structural elements like Windows and fixtures may also be damaged or dislodged. Overall, the extent of damage depends on factors like the earthquake's magnitude, depth, distance from the epicenter, and the construction quality of the structures.