How can I effectively train and maintain espalier vines in my garden?

To effectively train and maintain espalier vines in your garden, start by selecting a sturdy support structure like a trellis or fence. Prune the vines regularly to encourage horizontal growth along the support. Use ties or clips to secure the vines to the structure as they grow. Water and fertilize the vines as needed, and keep an eye out for pests or diseases. Regularly inspect and trim the vines to maintain the desired shape and promote healthy growth.