Does Goldenrod grow in the Florida climate If so where?

Yes. However, be aware there are over 100 species of Goldenrod so when you choose, only select those that are native to your region or your efforts may go unrewarded.

If you live in Florida may I suggest a few you can enjoy, Goldenrod (Salidago fistulosa), a perennial that grows to about 3 feet, it is also called Pine barren Goldenrod(spacing 36 inches apart).

Another kind I recommend is the Seaside Goldenrod (Salidago sempervirens), it grows to about 6 feet.

These both need full sun to partial shade with average soil moisture.