What functions does the liver perform including the relationship with the portal circulation?

The liver performs several vital functions, including detoxification of harmful substances, metabolism of nutrients, production of bile for digestion, and synthesis of essential proteins such as clotting factors. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood sugar levels and storing vitamins and minerals. The liver receives nutrient-rich blood from the gastrointestinal tract via the portal circulation, allowing it to process and metabolize these nutrients before they enter the systemic circulation. This relationship ensures that the liver can efficiently manage the body's metabolic needs and detoxify substances absorbed from the diet.