How you determine the concentration of hcl of new bottle?

To determine the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in a new bottle, you can perform a titration using a standard solution of a strong base, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH). First, you would dilute a known volume of HCl and then gradually add the NaOH solution until you reach the endpoint, indicated by a color change from a pH indicator like phenolphthalein. By applying the titration formula (M1V1 = M2V2), you can calculate the concentration of the HCl based on the volume and concentration of the NaOH used. Additionally, you could use techniques like pH measurement or conductometric titration for more precise results.