What are the effects of this change in population growth?

Changes in population growth can have significant effects on various aspects of society and the economy. Rapid population growth may strain resources, leading to challenges in housing, healthcare, and education while increasing unemployment and environmental degradation. Conversely, declining population growth can result in labor shortages, increased pressure on social welfare systems, and potential economic stagnation. Ultimately, the effects depend on how societies adapt to these demographic changes through policies and innovation.