How did westerners influence china in the 1800s?

In the 1800s, westerners significantly influenced China through trade, Imperialism, and cultural exchanges. The Opium Wars, driven by British trade in opium, led to the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, which opened several Chinese ports to foreign trade and ceded Hong Kong to Britain. This period saw the introduction of Western education, technology, and ideas, which challenged traditional Chinese society and governance. Additionally, missionary activities brought Western religious beliefs and practices, further impacting Chinese culture.