How do sieges work?

Sieges are military operations in which forces surround a fortified location, such as a city or castle, to cut off supplies and reinforcements, ultimately compelling the defenders to surrender. This tactic often involves the use of artillery to breach walls, as well as the establishment of blockades to prevent escape and resupply. Sieges can last from days to months, depending on the resilience of the defenders and the resources of the attackers. Psychological warfare, including intimidation and Propaganda, may also play a crucial role in undermining the morale of those inside the besieged location.