How do deer mark their territory?

Deer mark their territory primarily through scent marking, which involves depositing urine and glandular secretions on vegetation and the ground. They also use their antlers to scrape trees and branches, leaving visual marks that signal their presence to other deer. Additionally, deer may engage in behaviors like rubbing their bodies against trees to spread their scent further. These markings help establish boundaries and communicate dominance to other deer in the area.