How do dogs react to stimli?

Dogs react to stimuli primarily through their senses, particularly smell and hearing, which are far more acute than those of humans. They may show various responses, such as barking, growling, or wagging their tails, depending on whether the stimulus is perceived as positive, negative, or neutral. Additionally, dogs can exhibit behaviors like sniffing, freezing, or retreating to indicate their comfort level or interest in the stimulus. Overall, their reactions are influenced by their past experiences, training, and individual temperament.