Why is sound distorted underwater?

Sound is distorted underwater primarily due to differences in density and temperature between water and air. Water is denser than air, which affects how sound waves travel; they move faster in water but can also change speed and direction when they encounter layers of varying temperature (thermoclines) or salinity. This refraction can cause sound to bend and create echoes or distortions. Additionally, the absorption of certain frequencies by water can further alter the quality of sound perceived underwater.