True. The United States favored Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists during the Chinese Civil War, particularly in the context of World War II and the early Cold War. The U.S. provided military and economic support to the Nationalist government in its fight against both Japanese invasion and Communist forces led by Mao Zedong. However, this support ultimately did not prevent the Nationalists' defeat in 1949, leading to the establishment of the People's Republic of China.
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