What is the rankine equivalent of -31c?

To convert Celsius to Rankine, you can use the formula: ( R = (C + 273.15) \times \frac{9}{5} ). For -31°C, this becomes ( R = (-31 + 273.15) \times \frac{9}{5} ), which simplifies to ( R = 242.15 \times \frac{9}{5} ). Calculating this gives approximately ( R = 435.87 ) Rankine.