Why has shang dynasty been classified as a civilization?

The Shang Dynasty is classified as a civilization due to its advanced social structure, political organization, and cultural achievements. It featured a centralized government ruled by a king, a complex social hierarchy, and the development of writing systems, particularly oracle bone script. The dynasty is also known for its advancements in bronze Metallurgy, art, and architecture, which reflect a high level of technological and cultural sophistication. Additionally, the Shang engaged in trade and had religious practices that contributed to a unified identity, further solidifying their status as a civilization.