What was city life like in the 19th century?

City life in the 19th century was marked by rapid industrialization and urbanization, leading to significant population growth in cities. Many people migrated from rural areas in search of jobs in factories, resulting in crowded living conditions and the emergence of slums. Public transportation, such as horse-drawn carriages and later, streetcars, began to shape urban mobility, while social issues like poverty, crime, and disease became prominent. Despite the challenges, cities also became cultural hubs, fostering art, literature, and social movements.