How many democracies were in Europe before world war 1?

Before World War I, Europe had a mix of political systems, with only a few established democracies. Notable democracies included the United Kingdom, Belgium, and Switzerland, while countries like France had republican elements. However, many European nations were still under monarchies or authoritarian regimes, meaning the number of fully functioning democracies was relatively limited. Overall, the political landscape was characterized by a range of governance styles rather than a predominance of democratic systems.