How did European monarchs gain strength?

European monarchs gained strength through the consolidation of power, often by centralizing authority and reducing the influence of feudal lords. They utilized strategies such as forming alliances through marriage, enhancing military capabilities, and establishing bureaucratic systems to manage their realms more effectively. Additionally, many monarchs capitalized on religious authority, aligning themselves with the Church to legitimize their rule and suppress dissent. This combination of military, political, and religious strategies enabled them to strengthen their positions and expand their territories.