What are the protocols used in a bus topology?

In a bus topology, data transmission typically uses protocols such as Ethernet, specifically the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) protocol. This protocol allows devices to detect when the bus is free and transmit data while monitoring for collisions. If a collision occurs, devices stop transmitting and wait for a random time before attempting to resend. Other protocols, like Token Ring, can also be adapted for bus topologies, but CSMA/CD is the most common.