What is the difference between Private key cryptography and public key cryptography?

Public key encryption refers to a type of cypher or code architecture known as public key cryptography that utilizes two keys, or a key pair), to encrypt and decrypt data. One of the two keys is a public key, which anyone can use to encrypt a message for the owner of that key. The encrypted message is sent and the recipient uses his or her private key to decrypt it. This is the basis of public and private key encryption.