What is mode of action of ciprofloxacin?

Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that works by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes crucial for DNA replication and repair. By blocking these enzymes, ciprofloxacin prevents bacterial cells from synthesizing DNA, ultimately leading to cell death. This mechanism makes it effective against a wide range of gram-negative and some gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, ciprofloxacin's broad-spectrum activity is utilized in treating various infections.