How does one transfer a vinyl record onto a cd?

There are a few ways. A USB turntable ($) or an older analog turntable. If you use the analog, you'll either need an older receiver or an adapter for it. You'll also need an audio adpater to go from RCA plugs to a mini-plug. Then you need audio recording software. You can buy it, or find one free. I use Audacity, which is free and can be easily found on the web.