When a nerve fiber is polarized, there is a difference in ion concentrations across its membrane, primarily involving sodium (Na⁺) and potassium (K⁺) ions. The inside of the fiber becomes negatively charged relative to the outside, as there is a higher concentration of K⁺ ions inside and Na⁺ ions outside. This polarization is essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials, allowing the nerve to transmit signals.
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