What is arnolds use of the term philistines?

Matthew Arnold uses the term "Philistines" to describe those who are materialistic, culturally ignorant, and lacking in appreciation for higher intellectual and artistic values. In his essay "Culture and Anarchy," he contrasts the Philistine mentality with that of the "Hebraic" or cultured individual, advocating for a society that values moral and aesthetic development. Arnold's critique targets the complacency and narrow-mindedness he perceived in contemporary society, urging a return to a more elevated cultural engagement.