Where did most early European cities form?

Most early European cities formed in areas conducive to trade, agriculture, and defense, often near rivers or Coastlines. Significant locations included the Mediterranean region, particularly around ancient Greece and Rome, where access to maritime trade routes fostered economic growth. Additionally, cities often emerged at crossroads of major land routes or in fertile valleys, allowing for agricultural surplus and population density. As a result, these urban centers became hubs of culture, commerce, and governance.