In the 1400s to 1500s, Spain claimed vast territories in the Americas following Christopher Columbus's voyages, starting with the Caribbean islands such as Hispaniola and Cuba. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494, brokered by the Pope, divided newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal, allowing Spain to expand its claims throughout much of South and Central America, including present-day Mexico, Peru, and parts of the American Southwest. Additionally, Spain established colonies and claimed territories in parts of the Philippines and other Pacific islands.
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