What occurs when the walls of the coronary arteries thicken reducing or blocking the blood flow to the heart?

When the walls of the coronary arteries thicken, a condition known as coronary artery disease (CAD) occurs, which can lead to reduced or blocked blood flow to the heart. This thickening is often due to a buildup of plaque, composed of fat, cholesterol, and other substances. As the blood flow diminishes, the heart may not receive enough oxygen, potentially resulting in symptoms such as chest pain (angina) or even a heart attack if the blockage is severe. Over time, this can lead to serious complications, including heart failure.