Charlemagne Alfred the Great and the Vikings retain?

Charlemagne, Alfred the Great, and the Vikings were pivotal figures in shaping early medieval Europe. Charlemagne, as King of the Franks and later Emperor, united much of Western Europe and promoted learning and culture. Alfred the Great defended England against Viking invasions, establishing a foundation for the English monarchy. The Vikings, known for their seafaring and raiding, significantly influenced European trade and settlement patterns, leading to the eventual establishment of various kingdoms.