Which 5 modern nations now occupy the Indian subcontinent?

The Indian subcontinent is primarily occupied by five modern nations: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Sri Lanka. These countries emerged from the historical context of British colonial rule and subsequent partition in 1947, which led to the formation of India and Pakistan. Bangladesh later gained independence from Pakistan in 1971. Nepal and Sri Lanka, while geographically part of the subcontinent, have distinct historical and cultural identities.