How do you get a stuck lead ball out of my 44 muzzle loader?

You will need a special gunsmiths tool which looks like the ramrod only with an auger-type screw on the end. Insert it into the bore and attempt to screw the auger into the soft lead ball and, using plenty of GunSlick or WD-40, attempt pull it out. In severe cases it may have to be drilled out with a power drill. Spend a few bucks - let a gunsmith do it so you won't ruin the piece.