Who believed people can replace a ruler who fails to do his duties?

The belief that people can replace a ruler who fails to fulfill his duties is often associated with Enlightenment thinkers, particularly john Locke. Locke argued in his "Second Treatise of Government" that governments derive their authority from the consent of the governed, and if a ruler violates the social contract or fails to protect the people's rights, they have the right to revolt and establish a new government. This idea significantly influenced democratic principles and revolutions, emphasizing the importance of accountability in leadership.